Tuesday, November 22, 2016

Story: Ovid's Metamorphosis

The world had become corrupt. Men and women from all nations had turned against the Gods and were beginning to challenge them. Jupiter the leader of the Gods began to grow tired of his creations rebellion, he began to see the need for change amongst them. So he made his decision and with the help of his brothers, Gods of the Sea and of the Land, they began to destroy the earth.

Flood waters rose, earthquakes began to destroy everything they had built, homes, temples, monuments were wiped off the face of the earth. And within a matter of days the world was reduced to nothing, with no sign of ever having life. Creatures both guilty and innocent far and wide were destroyed, but in the wake of there destruction Jupiter had a plan.

In the wake of all destruction he saved two sets of men and women, his plan was devious, but would bring balance back to the earth. Decillion, Pyrnna, Ossiccus, and Mirranha were the only humans to survive, but they wished that they had not, for in the wake of destruction Jupiter had come to each of them and had told them of his plan.
"Today there shall be nothing remaining, except for you, my good and faithful servants. I have chosen you to start the world anew, but your purpose will not yet be fulfilled. On this earth I have saved two others, very much like you, whoever among you survives will be given glory and whoever among you dies will face suffering that which the likes have never been felt before."

This grieved and terrified both pairs of couples, but each pair new what had to be done. Each group began to prepare for what was to come, until the fateful day when the four met.
With the Gods watching on, in awe of Jupiter's mighty plan, they could do nothing for all feared the wrath of Jupiter, for even the Gods fear him.
(Gods looking down below)
So the pairs began to attack one another, seeing the desperation in each others eyes. Decillion and Pyrnna against Ossiccus and Mirranha. They fought for glory. They fought out of fear. They fought for each other, not wanting themselves to suffer the fate that Jupiter would laid upon them if they were to lose. In there fight they had forgotten one thing, the Gods who had put them there, this is precisely what Jupiter had intended. The ones to remember the Gods and to seek them out for help would be the true winners, and gain the right to recreate the human race. Then it happened, Ossiccus who saw his true love Mirranha struggling to hold her ground against Pyrnna fled to her aid knowing that he had made himself vulnerable. He saved her and brought her to safety, but in his moment of aid was struck down by Decillion. Mirranha who saw the horrid fate of her love, and knew of hers to come cried out to the Gods to let her be with the one whom she loved. She begged and pleaded with them and in the end asked to have the horrible fate that Jupiter had promised. In that moment, right before she was to be killed, a great flash and the sound of a thousand thunders struck right around her, and she knew that this was it. In a only a moment though, she stood up, not knowing what had occurred only to see Ossiccus standing before her along with Jupiter who told them of there sacrifice and that they had truly stood the test that was given. And so these lovers were given the gift of life and were put to the job of rebuilding this world, with the help of the Gods of course. And so it was. The true test of the Gods was known, to love fiercely both the Gods and those around us.

Author's Note: I changed this story quite a bit from the original. The original story told of a flood that was formed by the Gods to wipe out everything but two people had survived and were found faithful to the Gods, so they were spared. They sought the Goddess Themis for wisdom and to understand what to do next. Through them they recreated the population of people and animals after seeking continued wisdom from Themis. They sought to work hard and to rebuild what they had known in a better form. Through this they recreated the world to be made better through hard work and faithfulness. I liked the idea of showing the true battle that was to be won, and what the God's might have intended. I wanted to make this story a little more dramatic as well, so I added a competition between two pairs of lovers, to show the sacrifice that one should take for those they love. Throughout the original story it talks about the wrath that was placed by the God Jupiter. My story shows the true meaning about what the Gods had intended for people. This story fits the theme of love and sacrifice.

Bibliography: Ovid's Metamorphosis: Deucalion and Pyrrha translated by Tony Kline; link to reading

Portfolio Guide

οικογένεια (Family); link to the reading
This story shows the sacrifice that a great warrior makes for his family.
(Wrath of Achilles)

Sinbad Third Voyage: The Giant; link to reading
This story tells of a courageous crew who would take on evil giants and of the sacrifice for the safety of the crew.
(Giants fighting)


Wisdom's True Heart; link to the reading
This story shows that choosing family is the wisest decision one can make.
This story shows the friendship of two warriors fighting to save their people and the ultimate sacrifice one makes for his friend.
(Two friends)

Ovid's Metamorphosis: Deucalion and Pyrrha translated by Tony Kline; link to reading
This story shows the fight of life between two groups of people who were saved from destruction from the Gods.

Tuesday, November 15, 2016

Reading Notes: Brothers Grimm, part B

Reading the second half of this unit I came upon a story that was strange and stood out to me. It was the story of the Traveling Musicians. One thing I love about this story is it shows teamwork between the most unlikely creatures. So one thing I would like to do is change the animals around some to make it even stranger that they would appear together. Another thing I would like to add is that all the robbers would come back to the house and the animals would have to band together to get rid of them once and for all. This would include some sacrifice that one animal would make for the others out of a new love and respect for them.
(Animals on top of each other)
Bibliography: The Brothers Grimm stories by multiple authors; link to reading

Monday, November 14, 2016

Reading Notes: Grimm stories, part A

I loved this section of reading and a story that stood out to me was the Fox and the Horse. It is quite different from the rest because it does not fall into the typical fairy tale story line that the other stories are falling under. A few changes I would love to make of this story is to make it more about love. I would like to make the farmer old and tiresome and can't fend for himself. The horse seeing his master struggling to provide for himself leaves abruptly to go and find food. The master gets very sad thinking his horse had left him, but when he comes back bringing food he is delighted with his dearest friend. I would like to have a new storyline when the horse is in the woods.
(Horse and fox)
Bibliography: Brother's Grimm by multiple authors; link to reading

Saturday, November 12, 2016

Story: The Demon-King

After a short time had passed the Monkey King returned to his kingdom. He found it desolate and as barren as a wasteland. "Children, where are my children." Out from behind the rubble and among the rocks apes by the hundreds came to him with fear in there eyes. "What has happened here," the Monkey King questioned. "He came in the night. We fought as well as we could and were able to hold off most of the attacks, but he was able to capture many," the apes replied looking down in anguish. "Where, where is my wife." In the battle that had happened the leader of the evil forces, the Demon King had swooped down and taken The Monkey King's wife. The Monkey King had to get her back and was willing to risk everything for her safety. So with one mighty flip the Monkey King went to the mountain that held the lair of the Demon King. "Come out you foul beast and meet your doom," the Monkey King yelled. The Demon King, who came out of his lair, stepped up to the Monkey King and was so much larger than him that he bellowed a big laugh knowing that this was sure victory. The Monkey King with his magical spear in hand began to jump all around the slower Demon King. The Demon King could not keep up with the Monkey King and was slowly being injured each time the Monkey King struck him with a blow. While the fight was occurring and while keeping the Demon King occupied all of the monkey entered the lair and began to help the captives escape to safety. The last one out of the cave was the Monkey King's wife. When the Monkey King saw his wife he became distracted for a split second and it took only that for the Demon King to connect one blow and launch the Monkey King against the mountain. His wife belted out in horror, but had no way of helping her husband. The Demon King believing he was close to victory began to walk towards the Monkey King desiring to kill the king and take all that he had for himself. The Monkey King was running out of options. He  knew that if he was to be defeated the Demon King would kill of his family and his wife. In a moment, he glanced at his magical spear, in which all of his power was held. He had no time and a decision had to be made. In an instant and with all of his strength remaining he threw the spear with the force of one giving everything he has. The spear connected right at the heart of the Demon King piercing through the thick armor. The Demon King fell and was defeated, but in that sacrifice the Monkey King had relinquished his power and his kingdom. The spear that had once belonged to the gods and killed Kings and brought nations under its power had been wiped from existence. For in the last attempt at defeating the Demon King the spear had been destroyed. In his moment of regret his wife, who had been watching from the side, ran to her husband and gave him a hug that told him that all of his sacrifice was worth it. On their journey back the Monkey King and his wife had began to talk about their future. In the middle of the conversation the clouds opened and Buddha appeared to the Monkey King. "You have proved yourself worthy to yield this blade." While the Monkey King looked up at the sky a magical blade moved towards him. For within the blade was the power and strength to rule his kingdom.
(Monkey King battling the Demon King)
Author's Note: In the original story the Monkey King was able to defeat the Devil King with ease. I made the change of making it a little more difficult and added that his wife was taken by the Devil King. I also added the spear that gave him his magical power. I wanted to add something that would be hard to give up. In the original he was never bestowed with a sword by Buddha because he didn't have a magical spear. I added that to show that sacrificing for others with bring reward for yourself in some circumstances.

Bibliography:Bibliography: The Monkey King by R. Wilhelm; link to reading

Wednesday, November 9, 2016

Reading Notes: Pied Piper

The story that caught my eye was the Pied Piper. I had read it when I was a kid, but had forgotten about it 'til now. I would love to evolve this story to become my own. There are a few ways I would try to do this. One, I want to make the rat part very small because I would like to focus more of my story on the second side. I would like to do a part of what happened to the children afterwards. One child escaped the trance, but couldn't get any of the other kids to break free. Instead of running back to be with his family he devised a plan to stop the pied piper and to rescue the children and bring them home.
(Pied piper)
Bibliography: More English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs; link to the reading

Tuesday, November 8, 2016

Reading Notes: English Fairy Tales, Part B

The story that stood out to me this week was Mr. Miacca. I think that this story is one of a very clever boy that escaped deer circumstances by using his mind to outwit those who had captured him. I really enjoyed this story and while I was reading it saw the potential for changes to make it unique to me. One thing I would love to change are the ways in which the boy escapes. I would like to give the boy a friend who helps him escape, sacrificing his own safety to save his dear friend. This would keep up with my portfolio theme and keep the cleverness of the story the same.
(Mr. Miacca)
Bibliography: English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs; link to reading

Monday, November 7, 2016

Reading Notes: English Fairy Tales, Part A

I continue to use the English Fairy Tales because I think they are amazing stories and have so much potential to be changed through my imagination. The story that really caught my eye and that I enjoyed reading was The Old Woman and Her Pig. I think this story is very funny and the repetition shows and grows the story to continue to develop. I would love to change this story to fit my theme of sacrifice. This story could use so many different paths in the repetition that it has and I would love to use this to my advantage and change the pace and themes of the requests.
(Woman and her Pig)
Bibliography: English Fairytales by Joseph Jacobs; link to reading

Wednesday, November 2, 2016

Reading Notes: English Fairy Tales

The story about the Ass, The Table, and The Stick stood out to me a lot. This story has a lot of potential to be changed for my story. There can be three new things. I would also like to make the boy and his father have a good relationship and the reason the boy ran away was to gain wealth so that he could take care of him. So each time the boy came back with the wrong thing, it wouldn't be the father that ran him out, but because of his own shame he went out to get more. 
(Boy and his father)
Bibliography: English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs; link to reading

Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Reading Notes: English Fairy Tales, Part A

One story that stood out to me was was the story of Mr. Fox. I thought this was a gruesome story, but an interesting one to tell. I would like to keep this pretty close to the original. There are a few things I would like to change. One, she would not have the hand of the lady that Mr. Fox had brought in, so no one of her family believed her. Second, her family would push for her to marry Mr. Fox. After the marriage her and Mr. Fox left, but a man who had loved her so much followed to make sure that she was safe. He saw that she was not and fought Mr. Fox to protect and he kills Mr. Fox and they fall in love and live happily ever after.
(Large Castle)
Bibliography: English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs; link to reading

Monday, October 31, 2016

Reading Notes: English Fairy Tales, Part A

I love old fairy tales and one that stood out to me was Cap o' Rushes. I thought this was a cool story that had a Cinderella appeal to it. I would like to make it more appealing to readers in our generation though. I would like to make it more modern. So I will keep the father and his three daughter. Instead of him asking how much they love him he will ask them to do chores around the house to help with his busy schedule. One daughter did all of the chores, but her older sisters lied to their father and told him the youngest didn't do any of them. So he took her car away, so she was forced to walk to school. The star QB for football would see her everyday walking to school and think she was the most beautiful girl, but he could never find her. Then I would change how the father finds out that she was the daughter that would do all of the chores and she would be rewarded and find true love.
(Girl walking to school)
Bibliography: English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs; link to reading 

Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Reading Notes: Apache Tales, Part A

This section was very entertaining and one part stood out to me a lot and that was the killing of the monsters story. I think this could be a cool story to make my own as I can change the monsters that the man killed and how he kills them. One change I would love to make is instead of an elk, who I see as a peaceful creature, I would choose the monster to be a bear. The man can lure the monster in with food and then jump from a tree above to drive a spear into its back. Then the second monster I would like to make a wolf. This monster though, is more wise and does not give in to tricks as easily. So to kill this monsters the man and his companion devise a plan to slay the beast by using a decoy. I want to leave out the rest of the story and add a little sacrifice of the one of the men while killing the wolf monster. This would keep with my theme and show love conquers all.
(Bear and Wolf)
Bibliography: Apache Tales by Jicarilla; link to reading

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Reading Notes: Marriage, Part B

This second part of this section was very good and one part that stood out to me was the Dog-Husband. I did not enjoy very much the second half of the story after they had left the girl behind but I enjoyed the first part and believe I could do something with it. First, when the girl becomes pregnant I would make the parents be angry at the dog, but afterwards the dog changes to his human form and shows the parents. The parents were still ashamed, but did not kill the dog. So the village stayed with the girl, but became increasingly angry at the situation. After the birth of the children the villagers would revolt against their house and ask for the dogs life or all would die. I want to show the sacrifice of the dog for his wife and his children. And have a deeper meaning about the love that is shared between a family and that the man of the house would give his life to protect them.
(Woman and her dog)

Bibliography: Native American Marriage Tales, Part B; link to reading

Monday, October 24, 2016

Reading Notes: Marriage The Fox Woman, Part A

These stories are a very beautiful example of the love between a man and a woman. One story really stood out to me. I feel like there are a lot of different angles that I can take this story. One change that I would love to make would be initially I would like to add a fight between the man and woman and that is why the man left. When he comes back he expects the woman to be gone and she is. He would carry on with his normal daily activity, and his house would begin to be a mess. One day he would come back and find his house is in perfect order. Then he would find the wife. She came back because she had missed her husband and had used the skin of a mouse and had hid within the walls of the house to surprise him.
(mouse)

Bibliography: Native American Marriage Tales; link to reading

Tuesday, October 18, 2016

Storytelling: The Giant Elk

There once was a small village so deep in the woods that no one could find it. In this village lived a peaceful tribe who lit the night sky with fire and who sang beautiful songs of adventures and love. This village lived peacefully for hundreds of years before tragedy struck. From the forests far to the west lived an elk. This was no ordinary elk. It was giant and ferocious, feeding on all who had joy in the world. The elk had been traveling and had come upon this village only by accident. It heard the songs of the villagers with the drums beating to steps of dancers. The elk charged in and took the village by surprise, eating up all it could before heading away for its sleep. The village was in a panic. They had never faced anything of such evil before. The leader of the tribe, Sunyain, and his trustworthy friend Ugai knew that something had to be done to defeat such evil. So they followed the footprints of the elk up to a great field where they found the beast sleeping out in the open. The men hid behind some trees, not daring to get close to the elk with fear that they might wake it. "How can we kill this beast when we cannot get close enough to strike it down," questioned Ugai? As if it was listening to their conversation a leopard appeared. "I can help you my friends.
(leopard)
You see I am very quick and if you get on my back I can run to it so that you may strike it down before it hears us. That elk killled my cubs and I will do whatever it takes to help you," the leopard insisted to the men.

"It is very gutsy and we still have no weapons to strike the beast down," replied Sunyain.

"Maybe I can be of service," said a porcupine that had snuck up from behind them.
(Porcupine)
"My quills are very sharp and will serve as excellent weapons for you to strike down the creature." The group devised a plan and it was agreed upon. The two men plucked the giant quills from the porcupine's back and hopped onto the leopard. Zoom!!! They were off. They were heading full speed towards the elk with the quills aimed directly at the heart. When they were only feet away the leopard tripped and sent the men flying forward and their quills, missing the mark. The quills only injured the beast. The elk shot up with pain and sent out a bellow that could be heard throughout the entire forrest. The men, now terrified, took off running hoping that they could hide from it in the forest. The elk, after his bellowing, was now filled with anger. It charged the men and gained ground very quickly. The men had no hope of escaping. "The only chance our village has of surviving is if we kill this beast once and for all," said Ugai. With Sunyain agreeing, the two men took up their quill spears and prepared to charge the beast. Sunyain yelling out "charge" at the top of his lungs took off, but before he could get anywhere he felt a sharp pain in the back of his leg. He turned to see Ugai pulling the quill out of his leg. "I cannot let you die here. You are our leader. The people... they need you to survive, and let's face it, they don't really need me." Before Sunyain could say anything Ugai took off continuing to run at the beast. He ran past the point beyond the sight Sunyain and then as Sunyain was crying out all noise fell quiet. Sunyain stopped and listened, but heard nothing. "Ugai!!! Ugai!!" Sunyain called out, hoping to hear the voice of his dearest friend. But there was nothing. Sunyain hobbling as fast as he could came upon a sight he wished he had not seen. Before his eyes was the elk and Ugai both dead with an antler piercing Ugai through the heart and a quill piercing the head of the elk.


(Elk)
Years later, Sunyain still remembered his dearest friend Ugai. The story of his bravery had become a song that was sung every night in memory and thanks to the bravest of them all. The man who had sacrificed his life. 


Author's Note: The original story, an Apache story, tells of a single man, Jonayaiyin, who with the help of a clever lizard and gopher was able to take down an elk and an eagle that had been terrorizing their village. It tells of Jonayaiyin and his trek to where the elk and eagle both were, respectively. He is able to kill the beasts and return to his village a hero. This story has also has an influence from a God-like character who helps the village by sending a hero to kill the beasts. My story follows closely with the main idea, but I changed a few areas. I added a friend for the main character to accompany him and in the end sacrifice his life for him. I also changed the animals that provided help and used a different angle on how their plan played out. In the original it does not go into the future, but I wanted to show the impact that the friend made and his joyous celebration. 

Bibliography: Native American Hero Tales: The Killing of Monsters by Stith Thompson; link to reading

Monday, October 17, 2016

Reading Notes: Native American Hero Tales, Part B

This second half of the reading was very interesting, but what caught my attention the most was the story about the Red Woman. What interests me the most is the two boys. They have many different stories about when they disobeyed their father. I think this could be an interesting point to change within my story. I could make new storylines and also could tell a tale of one of them saving another from an evil they had found. There are many new angles that could be taken from this, but I have not thought about specifics. One thing in particular I do not like and will change is the mother rising out of the dead. I would like to show maybe a sacrifice the mother makes that ends in her death. This could be for the two children and it could be against red woman who in the original killed her before birth. In my story she would live and meet this woman after years.
(Indians gathered for a story)
Bibliography: Native American Hero Tales by Stith Thompson; link to reading

Reading Notes: Native American Hero Tales, Part A

I liked this section of heroes very much. One of my favorite parts of the story was Jonayaiyin. This hero stood out to me because I believe he made the most difference by killing the great Elk and great Eagle. I think this part of the story would fit great with my repeated idea of sacrifice. One way I would like to change this story would be to add a sidekick for him. Someone who helps him make decisions and is equally as brave. This could add a portion for the sacrifice. I would love to add the sidekick giving his life to save that of his hero. Another thing I think could be changed are the animals helping them get to the great Elk. The story tells about a lizard and gopher. I could make any other two animals that could provide assistance. I think these changes would improve and make the story original.
(elk)
Bibliography: Native American Hero Tales by Stith Thompson; link to reading

Tuesday, October 11, 2016

Week 8 Growth Mindset

This semester has been an amazing area of growth in my life. I think I am beginning to recognize that the end is near and I graduate in a little or a semester. Because of this I am having to grow in so many areas of my life. So many of the areas that I thought were weaknesses I am beginning to develop. Some of those are asking lots of questions, taking a long term view, and being ready for things to change. These are areas that I struggled with the most and let's face it, so many other college students do too. As I am coming to the end I have been working much harder on these areas because I know that they will help me find success and help me grow as a person when I am out on my own. This class has helped me to gain on these areas because it allows me to be creative in my writing, but also ask questions about what would make my work better. I am understanding that what I write might not be in its best form and that I have to be willing to change the work from the comments of others.

I am ready for the second half of this semester to continue to challenge myself. I know that it will be getting tougher as other classes begin to get into finals and stressful situations. So keeping ahead of this class and preparing the work earlier in the week will help me in so many different ways.
(Inspirational quote)

Monday, October 10, 2016

Week 8 Reflections

So far this class has been such an enjoyable time for me. I have loved reading old stories and getting to see the writing styles of so many amazing authors. During my readings I believe I have been doing a good job in "reading like a writer". One of my favorite readings so far has been the the Two Brothers story. I love the simplicity of the story, but that it also has an amazing theme. I have been able to find good time to read. I usually do so in the mornings in a quiet room so that, I can focus on the story and not be distracted.

I have loved the writings so far. I see how my writing style comes off of who I am as a person. One aspect that I hope to improve on is the flow of my stories. Usually when I re-read or get ideas from others it has to do with my flow and things that I can do to improve it. I hope to master the run-on sentences in my stories. These are my biggest problem and I know that I can improve a lot in this area.

When looking at the stories of others I love to see the overall themes that each person has. I feel like without even thinking about it we tend to fall into the same ideas over and over again because it is what we gravitate to. One thing that I have seen in a lot of stories that I hope to avoid is rushing through situations without having a lot of descriptions.
(reflections of a kitten)

Wednesday, October 5, 2016

Story: Wisdom's True Heart

Once there was a man named Father Carlotta. He possessed all of the wisdom within the world and people from all over the land would seek him out for wisdom and advice.
He was not easily angered, but there was a group of men who were able to anger him. They would come to him with questions and instead of taking his advice would decide what to do on their own. Father Carlotta saw this and felt as if his wisdom was being thrown away. Because of this he decided to no longer share his wisdom, but that he would hide it away from everyone. So he began to collect all of the wisdom that he had given away, plucking it from those who needed it most. This left people afraid and questioning every decision that they made. When Father Carlotta had succeeded in collecting all of this wisdom he sealed it in a jar and put that jar around his neck.
(Jars)
Now Father Carlotta had a daughter, Arya. Arya loved all the people of the land and they loved her back. She began to notice that the people were acting very strange and saw so many decisions that were not taken with wisdom. So she snuck into her father's room and saw the jar of wisdom around her father's neck. She did not know what to do. She could not confront him, so she began to follow him.He took the jar into the mountains and began to climb as high as he could. He began to struggle to climb when the ice had become too slick. Again and again he tried, but always he failed. Angered he did not know what to do.

Suddenly Arya jumped out from around the side. "Father, here, try this," and she showed him how to climb the ice. She showed him the metal shards she had stuck to her shoes that helped her stick to the ice and be able to climb. "And here I thought I had all the.."

The ice began to shift and collapsed below the feet of Arya. She began to fall into a chasm when her father, using the jar and the string around his neck, reached out to grab her.
(Chasm)
She grabbed the string just in time and was soon hanging over the edge. "Father, the string is about to break," Arya screamed out in terror. Father Carlotta had only an instant to decide. He could save the jar that held all of his wisdom and all the wisdom throughout the land or he could reach for his daughter saving her from certain doom. The string snapped and the father, reaching out, grabbed the sleeve of his daughter, throwing her to safety, in the blink of an eye, all while the jar containing the wisdom fell and fell to the bottom of the chasm. "Why, why did you save me? I thought nothing was more important to you than your wisdom." The father looked at the tears flowing down his daughter's eyes. "I made the wisest decision I could have ever made and I would make it again just to know that you are safe." Without the notice of the father or daughter the jar had reached the bottom and shattered. And with that shatter all the wisdom within the jar spread throughout the land giving to all who lived there wisdom.
(Icy Mountain)

Author's Note: The original story tells of a trickster-spider who had all the wisdom in the land. His role was to give wisdom to those who sought it out. Out of anger he collected all of his wisdom and devised a plan to hide it forever. A place where I made a change is in the original the wise man had gone into the woods and tried to climb a tree so he could hide the jar of wisdom in a place to where no one could every get it, whereas my story goes to the mountain where he tries to climb very high. In the original Anansi's son gave the father advice about an easier way to climb the tree. In my story I added a daughter instead of a son, but each proved to be wise without wisdom from the father when they showed their father a better way to do something. The original story Father Anansi became angry because his son made a wiser decision than he had and in his anger threw the jar of wisdom on the ground. The jar broke, spreading the wisdom all through the land.


Bibliography: West African Folktales: How Wisdom Became the Property of the Human Race by William Barker and Cecilia Sinclair; link to reading